| Can't view this email? Click here to view in your browser. | | | | Volume 485 Number 7396 | | | nature | | The science that matters. Every week. | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | A*STAR Research - Highlighting the best of research at the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore's premier research organization. Recent Highlights Photonics: Getting a fair compensation | Medical genetics: Finding the elements of risk | Nanomaterials: Surrounding effects | Cancer biology: The good, the bad and the ugly | Nanomaterials: Making a bluer light | Electronics: A perfect vision. The new print edition of A*STAR Research is now available! | | | | | | | | |
| Jump to the content that matters to you | | | | |
| | | | | Peopling the planet | The story of how humans peopled the planet once seemed so simple. Modern humans left Africa for Asia about 50,000 years ago, reached Europe 10,000 years later and headed for the Americas. Now we know that the picture was far more complicated than that. | | | | | | | | | Osteoprotection by semaphorin 3A | Drugs with the capacity to maintain and increase bone density are urgently needed in this ageing society. Semaphorin 3A, a signalling protein involved in the regulation of axonal growth, is shown here to protect bone both by suppressing bone resorption and increasing bone formation, making it a potentially promising therapeutic agent for bone and joint diseases. | | | | | | | | | Spin-orbital separation in the quasi-one-dimensional Mott insulator Sr2CuO3 | Schlappa et al. describe a system, the one-dimensional insulator Sr2CuO3, in which electronic excitations (quasiparticles) can each fragment into three independent particle-like entities. One, the holon, carries charge. Another, the spinon, carries spin. So far so normal, but what is new here is the third quasiparticle - the orbiton - which carries the orbital degree of freedom. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Frontiers in Materials: Spintronics May 13, 2012 • Strasbourg, France This workshop will provide an overview of the most interesting developments in the field of spintronics, a technology that aims at controlling the electron spin beside the electron charge and that could provide efficient electronic devices with potentially new functionalities. Online registration will close on May 4, 2012. Register today! | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | In this week's podcast: a human evolution special, some flu news and a warning about the real cost of species loss. Plus, the best of the rest from Nature. | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Publishing risky research ▶ | | | Imperfect global biosafety standards and a threat to researchers' motivations from biosecurity concerns are among the significant risks in current flu research. | | | | | | | | Quiet please ▶ | | | Ismail Serageldin deserves the chance to prepare a new future for the Alexandria library. | | | | | | | | Young Americans ▶ | | | The rancorous debate over when people first arrived in America has not helped science. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Seven days: 27 April-3 May 2012 ▶ | | | The week in science: US reports 4th ever case of 'mad cow disease'; Japan's Chikyu research vessel drills through earthquake fault; and a new system launches to alert scientists to research updates. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Ancient migration: Coming to America ▶ | | | For decades, scientists thought that the Clovis hunters were the first to cross the Arctic to America. They were wrong — and now they need a better theory | | | | | | | | | | | Evolution: What makes a modern human ▶ | | | We probably all carry genes from archaic species such as Neanderthals. Chris Stringer explains why the DNA we have in common is more important than any differences. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Q&A: Relativistic composer ▶ | | | Einstein on the Beach, an opera by composer Philip Glass and theatre director Robert Wilson, changed ideas about what opera could do when it was first staged in 1976. As a new production opens at the Barbican Theatre in London, Glass talks about the work's gestation and evolution. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Prion-like behaviour and tau-dependent cytotoxicity of pyroglutamylated amyloid-β ▶ | | | Justin M. Nussbaum, Stephan Schilling, Holger Cynis, Antonia Silva, Eric Swanson et al. | | | It is shown that the formation of amyloid-β oligomers, one of the histopathological signatures of Alzheimer’s disease, can be triggered by small quantities of a specifically truncated and post-translationally modified version of amyloid-β. | | | | | | | | Clonally related visual cortical neurons show similar stimulus feature selectivity ▶ | | | Ye Li, Hui Lu, Pei-lin Cheng, Shaoyu Ge, Huatai Xu et al. | | | It has been proposed that, during development, clonally related neurons migrate along the same radial glial fibre to form clusters of functionally similar cells; here, sister neurons in the same radial clone are shown to have similar orientation preferences in mice, providing support for this hypothesis. | | | | | | | | A global synthesis reveals biodiversity loss as a major driver of ecosystem change ▶ | | | David U. Hooper, E. Carol Adair, Bradley J. Cardinale, Jarrett E. K. Byrnes, Bruce A. Hungate et al. | | | Although loss of biodiversity is known to cause reduction in ecosystem function, it is not known how this threat compares to other environmental alterations such as climate change; this analysis of the data from over 100 published studies shows that biodiversity loss is as significant as other major drivers of change in ecosystem function. | | | | | | | | | | | Topology of the human and mouse m6A RNA methylomes revealed by m6A-seq ▶ | | | Dan Dominissini, Sharon Moshitch-Moshkovitz, Schraga Schwartz, Mali Salmon-Divon, Lior Ungar et al. | | | N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification in messenger RNA; here the human and mouse m6A modification landscape is presented in a transcriptome-wide manner, providing insights into this epigenetic modification. | | | | | | | | | | | Autistic-like behaviours and hyperactivity in mice lacking ProSAP1/Shank2 ▶ | | | Michael J. Schmeisser, Elodie Ey, Stephanie Wegener, Juergen Bockmann, A. Vanessa Stempel et al. | | | Altered glutamatergic neurotransmission can lead to the core symptoms of autism, and ProSAP1/Shank2 and ProSAP2/Shank3 proteins seem to serve different interrelated functions at excitatory synapses, especially in glutamate receptor targeting/assembly. | | | | | | | | RNF12 initiates X-chromosome inactivation by targeting REX1 for degradation ▶ | | | Cristina Gontan, Eskeatnaf Mulugeta Achame, Jeroen Demmers, Tahsin Stefan Barakat, Eveline Rentmeester et al. | | | The pluripotency factor REX1 is a key target of RNF12 during X-chromosome inactivation; degradation of REX1 by RNF12 leads to relief of its inhibitory action on X-chromosome inactivation. | | | | | | | | The deubiquitinase USP9X suppresses pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ▶ | | | Pedro A. Pérez-Mancera, Alistair G. Rust, Louise van der Weyden, Glen Kristiansen, Allen Li et al. | | | An in vivo transposon screen in a pancreatic cancer model identifies frequent inactivation of Usp9x; deletion of Usp9x cooperates with KrasG12D to accelerate rapidly pancreatic tumorigenesis in mice, validating their genetic interaction. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Regulation of circadian behaviour and metabolism by synthetic REV-ERB agonists ▶ | | | Laura A. Solt, Yongjun Wang, Subhashis Banerjee, Travis Hughes, Douglas J. Kojetin et al. | | | Synthetic REV-ERB agonists can alter the circadian expression of core clock genes in the hypothalami of mice, which changes the expression of metabolic genes in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and results in increased energy expenditure. | | | | | | | | Osteoprotection by semaphorin 3A ▶ | | | Mikihito Hayashi, Tomoki Nakashima, Masahiko Taniguchi, Tatsuhiko Kodama, Atsushi Kumanogoh et al. | | | Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A) is shown to function as a protector of bone, by synchronously inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption and promoting osteoblastic bone formation. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A unifying model for mTORC1-mediated regulation of mRNA translation ▶ | | | Carson C. Thoreen, Lynne Chantranupong, Heather R. Keys, Tim Wang, Nathanael S. Gray et al. | | | mTORC1 is shown to regulate a translational program that requires the rapamycin-resistant 4E-BP family of translational repressors and consists almost entirely of mRNAs containing 5′ terminal oligopyrimidine or related motifs. | | | | | | | | | | | A novel putative auxin carrier family regulates intracellular auxin homeostasis in plants ▶ | | | Elke Barbez, Martin Kubeš, Jakub Rolčík, Chloé Béziat, Aleš Pěnčík et al. | | | The identification of PILS proteins, putative auxin transport facilitators, suggests that intracellular auxin transport might be evolutionarily older than directional, cell-to-cell PIN-dependent auxin transport, and highlights the developmental importance of intracellular auxin transport. | | | | | | | | Regulation of circadian behaviour and metabolism by REV-ERB-α and REV-ERB-β ▶ | | | Han Cho, Xuan Zhao, Megumi Hatori, Ruth T. Yu, Grant D. Barish et al. | | | The nuclear receptors REV-ERB-α and REV-ERB-β are indispensible for the coordination of circadian rhythm and metabolism; mice without these nuclear receptors show disrupted circadian expression of core circadian clock and lipid homeostatic gene networks. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Prion-like behaviour and tau-dependent cytotoxicity of pyroglutamylated amyloid-β ▶ | | | Justin M. Nussbaum, Stephan Schilling, Holger Cynis, Antonia Silva, Eric Swanson et al. | | | It is shown that the formation of amyloid-β oligomers, one of the histopathological signatures of Alzheimer’s disease, can be triggered by small quantities of a specifically truncated and post-translationally modified version of amyloid-β. | | | | | | | | | | | Regulation of circadian behaviour and metabolism by synthetic REV-ERB agonists ▶ | | | Laura A. Solt, Yongjun Wang, Subhashis Banerjee, Travis Hughes, Douglas J. Kojetin et al. | | | Synthetic REV-ERB agonists can alter the circadian expression of core clock genes in the hypothalami of mice, which changes the expression of metabolic genes in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and results in increased energy expenditure. | | | | | | | | Liquid-crystal-mediated self-assembly at nanodroplet interfaces ▶ | | | J. A. Moreno-Razo, E. J. Sambriski, N. L. Abbott, J. P. Hernández-Ortiz & J. J. de Pablo | | | Ordering in liquid-crystal applications is usually achieved using surfactants, but here, in modelled nanodroplets of liquid crystals and surfactants, the liquid crystals control the ordering effects, which resemble those seen in block copolymer ordering, such as spots and stripes. | | | | | | | | A unifying model for mTORC1-mediated regulation of mRNA translation ▶ | | | Carson C. Thoreen, Lynne Chantranupong, Heather R. Keys, Tim Wang, Nathanael S. Gray et al. | | | mTORC1 is shown to regulate a translational program that requires the rapamycin-resistant 4E-BP family of translational repressors and consists almost entirely of mRNAs containing 5′ terminal oligopyrimidine or related motifs. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Liquid-crystal-mediated self-assembly at nanodroplet interfaces ▶ | | | J. A. Moreno-Razo, E. J. Sambriski, N. L. Abbott, J. P. Hernández-Ortiz & J. J. de Pablo | | | Ordering in liquid-crystal applications is usually achieved using surfactants, but here, in modelled nanodroplets of liquid crystals and surfactants, the liquid crystals control the ordering effects, which resemble those seen in block copolymer ordering, such as spots and stripes. | | | | | | | | A perovskitic lower mantle inferred from high-pressure, high-temperature sound velocity data ▶ | | | Motohiko Murakami, Yasuo Ohishi, Naohisa Hirao & Kei Hirose | | | Determination of the shear-wave velocities for silicate perovskite and ferropericlase under the pressure and temperature conditions of the deep lower mantle indicates that perovskite constitutes much more of the lower mantle than predicted by the conventional mantle model and is consistent with the chondritic Earth model. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A global synthesis reveals biodiversity loss as a major driver of ecosystem change ▶ | | | David U. Hooper, E. Carol Adair, Bradley J. Cardinale, Jarrett E. K. Byrnes, Bruce A. Hungate et al. | | | Although loss of biodiversity is known to cause reduction in ecosystem function, it is not known how this threat compares to other environmental alterations such as climate change; this analysis of the data from over 100 published studies shows that biodiversity loss is as significant as other major drivers of change in ecosystem function. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A perovskitic lower mantle inferred from high-pressure, high-temperature sound velocity data ▶ | | | Motohiko Murakami, Yasuo Ohishi, Naohisa Hirao & Kei Hirose | | | Determination of the shear-wave velocities for silicate perovskite and ferropericlase under the pressure and temperature conditions of the deep lower mantle indicates that perovskite constitutes much more of the lower mantle than predicted by the conventional mantle model and is consistent with the chondritic Earth model. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | |
|
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Women miss out ▶ | | | Informal benefits are more frequently awarded to men, according to study of one university. | | | | | | | | | | | Career-path support ▶ | | | US universities should offer more support and guidance for diverse career options, report says. | | | | | | | | | | | UK placements down ▶ | | | Research traineeships with drugmakers have declined as sector tightens. | | | | | | | | | | | Careers related news & comment | | | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | naturejobs.com Science jobs of the week | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | No matter what your career stage, student, postdoc or senior scientist, you will find articles on naturejobs.com to help guide you in your science career. Keep up-to-date with the latest sector trends, vote in our reader poll and sign-up to receive the monthly Naturejobs newsletter. | | | | | | | • Nature events featured events | | | | | | natureevents featured events | | | | | | | Nature events is the premier resource for scientists looking for the latest scientific conferences, courses, meetings and symposia. Featured across Nature Publishing Group journals and centrally at natureevents.com it is an essential reference guide to scientific events worldwide. | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | Your email address is in the Nature mailing list. You have been sent this Table of Contents Alert because you have opted in to receive it. You can change or discontinue your e-mail alerts at any time, by modifying your preferences on your nature.com account at: www.nature.com/nams/svc/myaccount (You will need to log in to be recognised as a nature.com registrant). For further technical assistance, please contact subscriptions@nature.com For other enquiries, please contact feedback@nature.com | Nature Publishing Group | 75 Varick Street, 9th floor | New York | NY 10013-1917 | USA
Nature Publishing Group's offices: Principal offices: London - New York - Tokyo Worldwide offices: Basingstoke - Boston - Buenos Aires - Delhi - Hong Kong - Madrid - Melbourne - Munich - Paris - San Francisco - Seoul - Washington DC
Macmillan Publishers Limited is a company incorporated in England and Wales under company number 785998 and whose registered office is located at Brunel Road, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. © 2012 Nature Publishing Group, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited. All Rights Reserved. | | | |
No comments:
Post a Comment